Loss of awareness of emotional resonance. Derealization

general information

Depersonalization is a syndrome. A person perceives his thoughts and feelings as if from the outside. He stops connecting his own personality with the body.

Depersonalization is almost always a symptom of bipolar disorder, depression, or schizophrenia. Often this condition is accompanied by derealization or mental anesthesia.

Pathology is defined in psychology as a subjective feeling. The alienation experienced by a person with depersonalization distinguishes this disorder from the syndrome of mental automatism.

The patient realizes that his condition cannot be called normal. This pathology differs from other disorders.

The emergence of derealization

The derealization that occurs with vegetative-vascular dystonia is a manifestation of the human body’s protective mechanism to smooth out significant emotional shocks. It occurs due to exhaustion of the nervous system due to constant overexcitation during VSD.

Constant lack of sleep, poor environment, a lot of stress, overstrain of the senses, mental overstrain, anxiety - all this can cause symptoms of derealization. The consequence of overstrain of the central nervous system are other typical symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia - suffocation, fainting, shortness of breath, lack of air, unsteadiness of gait, weakness, tinnitus, a feeling of dizziness, and sometimes blocked ears. Changes in the state of consciousness can be a manifestation of hyperventilation (or respiratory) VSD syndrome.

Not always a pathology

Depersonalization syndrome is not always a pathological mental disorder. Symptoms occur occasionally in more than 70% of people. It seems to a person that for a short time he does not belong to himself.

Usually this condition manifests itself during the formation of a person’s self-awareness. Even when occurring systematically, cases of depersonalization are not considered a pathology. With a stable form of depersonalization-derealization syndrome, it requires prompt medical intervention.

Basic forms

The following forms of this disorder are distinguished:

1. Autopsychic depersonalization.
2. Somatopsychic depersonalization.
3. Allopsychic depersonalization.
4. Anesthetic depersonalization.

Features of autopsychic depersonalization

In this condition, patients lose the ability to feel adequately. The paradox is that they experience this painfully.

The loss of emotional responses to insults, the illness of a loved one, or good news contributes to spiritual emptiness. Sometimes the patient deliberately goes into conflict in order to feel at least something, but this is useless.

This depersonalization is often found in the clinical picture of depressive syndromes.

Features of somatopsychic depersonalization

The characteristics of a patient with this disorder are quite specific. A person's perception of physiological and bodily manifestations decreases. There are complaints that parts of the body have “become different.”

Healthy, but very tired people can experience similar conditions to a mild degree.

A person suffering from somatopsychic depersonalization does not experience hunger. But when he sits down to eat, satiety does not come either. He may complain that food has no taste and that eating does not give him pleasure.

The process of defecation seems to the patient to be incompletely completed. He doesn't feel satisfied after that. There is no satisfaction during sex.

Elements of this condition may be present in residual organic brain damage.

Features of allopsychic depersonalization

Depersonalization syndrome is characterized by the presence of subjectively painful experiences. There is also alienation of mental acts relating to personally significant external objects. This applies to ordinary desires, interests, attachments and everything with which a person associates a feeling of security and stability.

Relationships with loved ones suffer. Some patients begin to feel burdened by their home. Parents often become objects of deepest hostility.

The sympathetic attitude of a mother or father is perceived inadequately. The patient feels that his parents are encroaching on his safety and freedom. He moves more and more away from loved ones, withdraws into himself, becomes embittered, and sometimes cruel.

Features of anesthetic depersonalization

This form of the disorder is characterized by a painful feeling of emotional alienation. The patient complains of:

• lack of empathy;
• lifelessness of the surrounding world;
• dullness of taste;
• “numbness” in the head.

This state is also characterized by a lack of attachments and emotional resonance. The mother realizes that she should love her child, but she feels nothing for him.

Anesthetic depersonalization is severe and difficult to treat. Pathology often accompanies schizotypal disorders.

If the clinical picture is dominated by anxiety, the disorder is classified as depersonalization and derealization syndrome.

Loss of awareness of emotional resonance. Derealization

The loss of awareness of emotional resonance is experienced by patients as a loss of the ability to be aware of their emotional responses to what is happening around them, a loss of the sense of empathy. At the same time, a painful feeling of disconnection from people and the world around us arises. This disorder is essentially just one of the options for the loss of acts of awareness of one’s own emotions and feelings. Nevertheless, the uniqueness of the disorder and the frequency with which it occurs make it possible to consider it separately.

Here are typical statements from patients on this matter: “I feel lonely, although I know that everyone is staying with me... The world is there, and I am here, separately from it... I found myself as if apart from other people, not with them, with me something separates them... Everything seems somehow cloudy, all the people are there, and I’m here, alone. I'm on the other side of the world, separate from everyone. And it seems that no one sees me... I feel like an outside observer of what is happening: life goes on by itself, people rejoice, suffer, and I seem to have fallen out of life, I am somewhere at a distance. I hear everything, I see, I understand, but at the same time I do not empathize, as if nothing touches me, does not concern me... I am not in the world that is around me, I exist separately from it, it feels as if I am in some kind of another dimension... I am definitely in another world and perceive everything as if from afar, from somewhere above... Life passes me by, I do not participate in it. It seems to me as if I am standing on the side of the road or on the bank of a river and just watching how everything passes by me... I seem to be under some kind of transparent cap or in a transparent ball, something separates me from what is happening... I perceive everything as if from within myself, as if from a crack in a tank, I separated from everything... Between me and those around me there is some kind of invisible partition, it prevents me from connecting with what is happening around me... It seems to me that I am in clear water and from there I am observing everything... I have the feeling of unity with the world has disappeared, I feel like I’m in some kind of emptiness, cut off from everything... I’m in a shell, separated from people, I see them like on TV, what they do doesn’t concern me... It feels like threads, those that connected me with people and the world broke off one after another, and I found myself in complete isolation... So I’m talking to you now, as if I understand everything, answering questions, but at the same time I feel that I am not where you are, although , of course, we are next to you, in the same room... I am in some kind of prostration, I feel separate from the world... After a head concussion, I could not speak for a day, I had no voice, I answered questions in writing, there were no tears. There were no feelings either, I watched everything as if from the outside... Somehow everything around me changed, it was as if I found myself in an aura or behind an aura. Everything is familiar, but it’s like it’s not mine, it’s someone else’s, it’s like I haven’t been here for a long time. I look at everything from the outside, as if from afar, as if I were behind some line... I dreamed that I was at work, at home, in transport. At first it seemed to me that everything was happening as in reality, then I continued to look at it like in a movie, as if it didn’t concern me at all, I looked at the events of the dream from the outside, without any emotions and realized that it was a dream... three years ago I felt like I was in a transparent ball. It was like protection for me. I felt separate from everyone and everything and communicated with people without the slightest fear.”

Patients, describing this disorder in different ways, are usually unanimous in the fact that they feel an absolute detachment from the outside world, presented to them in current visual and mental images. Most often, although not always, this isolation is experienced as oppressive or even painful, at least at first. In this sense, it would be, on the one hand, quite logical to consider the disorder within the framework of the splitting of the Self into the external Self, allopsychic, and another Self, autopsychic. On the other hand, the loss of consciousness of emotional resonance, since it gives rise to a feeling of alienation from the environment, people and situations that are affectively significant for the patient, can also be regarded as one of the manifestations of depersonalization, since the loss of consciousness of one’s own emotions does not in itself entail the experience of the alienness of what is happening. If this is true, then the loss of emotional resonance is, as it were, a prelude to the subsequent development of depersonalization.

Derealization is the experience of the unreality of what is happening both outside and (or) within oneself, with oneself, loss of awareness of the sense of reality.

This experience may concern not only current impressions, but also memories of what happened earlier: “After anesthesia, I recovered for two days. My soul felt uncomfortable in my body, I felt like I wasn’t myself. I wanted to jump out of myself. And then for a long time everything around me seemed unreal, like it was happening in a dream, like some kind of decoration. Everything is somehow fragile, like a house of cards. And there was also a feeling that everything could disappear in an instant, like a vision... It’s as if everything around me is a dream, but does not exist in reality... Everything around me, everything that is actually happening, seems to me as if it is not real, it seems to be dreaming or dreaming of me ... I feel like I haven’t lived before, it’s like I’m dreaming about my past... I can’t understand whether I really exist or just seems to me. that I exist... Everything became somehow illusory, something like a mirage. It seems that I will step a little to the side and everything will disappear... Everything around seems to be drawn as if on a blackboard, come up, wave a wet rag, and nothing else will remain... Everything is covered with some kind of haze and sways, like a mirage or a phantom... It seems to me that everything around is not reality at all, but only its shadow, an echo... After a car hit my daughter-in-law and granddaughter, I lived for three months as if in an unreal world. The feeling of myself was real... My sense of reality has disappeared, the feeling that the world is material, it seems to me that it is something insubstantial, ethereal and certainly not at all how I imagined it before... Everything floats in front of me, as if it were an obsession some or something non-existent. It seems to me that I’m just going to wipe my eyes and everything will disappear at once, like smoke or fog... I watch myself as if I’m dreaming, and not really... Everything, it seems to me, is floating away somewhere, as if everything not real, but like a ghost, some kind of fog. I try as best I can to make myself feel that I am in reality, sometimes it works, and then for a while I return to reality. But as soon as I get distracted, think, and then I can’t immediately understand where I am and what’s happening around me, I can’t even recognize a familiar environment.”

Derealization, therefore, is such a violation of awareness of reality when it is perceived as something ethereal, immaterial, subjective, imaginary, as a fact of consciousness, and not something real, opposing the individual and completely independent of him.

Sometimes, I.S. Sumbaev points out, a feeling of unreality of time, both current and past, as well as the future, is experienced. Patients say that there is no past, it seems to be lost in memory; the present has disappeared, the future has disappeared, or that time has stopped and does not move. One of his patients reports that she feels as if the future has completely disappeared and she lives only in the present day, which ends without moving on to the next. She lives, as it were, within the confines of the environment that she perceives; beyond that there is nothing, just emptiness.

She can’t believe that she attempted to poison herself and it seems that such an incident never happened and that she had never been there or worked at all. Another patient talks about the “loss of the sense of time,” while mentioning impressions that “crowd together.” “Before me,” he says, “is only the present, in which both the idea of ​​space and the idea of ​​time have sunk without a trace. My thought seems to be confined only within the confines of the ward and it no longer has any other horizons. But... even these meager feelings of the present become beyond our strength; no walls, no windows, nothing else exists, only an endlessly stretching and luminous emptiness remains. And finally, that strange, constraining state sets in when existence itself seems to cease, when neither thoughts nor feelings can find clear expression for themselves.”

Another patient (with symptoms of depersonalization and derealization) says that it seems to her that the morning of the current day was a year ago, that time is separated from her and then disappears completely. Memories seem dim to her, like ghosts; she cannot imagine anything vividly and clearly. She seems to have lost her past, and although she correctly estimates the duration of the past period of time, she does not feel it.

Patients often talk about a feeling of slowing down of actual time, especially if the latter is filled with suffering, anticipation of something pleasant and joyful, or the painful experience of waiting: “The thought is always spinning in my head that a seizure is about to come, but it still doesn’t happen. It feels like something bad is going to happen, some kind of catastrophe is going to happen. Time passes very slowly, I can’t wait for lunch, although I don’t feel like eating... When everything disgusts me, when I’m disgusted with myself, then time seems to stand still and turns into eternity.”

The sense of time, if it really exists, is a complex phenomenon, including a mental one. Therefore, a violation of the perception of this feeling is associated not only with psychological factors, as in the last two patients. Healthy people also often say, for example, that “ten minutes is a whole life” or “first the years pass, then they run, and then they fly.” But there are often patients who note a disturbance in the sensory component of time perception. Often, for example, they hardly notice how time passes: “The night flies by in an instant, it seems that I didn’t sleep at all... It seems that I just closed my eyes and now it’s morning... It feels like I opened them several times at night and closed my eyes and here it is, morning... It seems that I didn’t even close my eyes, but the night passed... It seems like a few minutes passed, but in fact I slept for eight hours.” In such cases, time is not perceived at all, as if the awareness of the sense of time had fallen out. This disorder is different from loss of the sense of sleep, where patients are not aware that they have been sleeping even if they have been dreaming; Usually they don’t talk about time or note that the sleepless night seemed to drag on for a very long time.

Patients with loss of the sense of sleep time seem to indicate that certain sleep-related sensations are disappearing.

Other patients with depression sometimes experience a disturbance in the form of a feeling of accelerated passage of actual time: “Time is passing faster, I can’t keep up with it... The day passes quickly, the night flies by in an instant. I just close my eyes and immediately open them... I'm not friends with time. It flies quickly, you don’t have time to look back, and it’s already spring or New Year. I am always afraid of not having time to do something, I constantly push myself, for some reason I need everything faster and faster. It often happens that in a hurry I cannot find something. I seem to be feverishly rummaging, for example, in my purse and cannot find a document or money there. I’m already slow, but if someone looks at me or I think that they’re looking, stiffness sets in and I become even more sluggish. But in childhood, time seemed to drag on for a long time, there was more than enough of it, I enjoyed my childhood completely... I am always in a hurry somewhere and am constantly late, I am always behind somewhere. And I want everything around me to stop for a while until I catch up with him.” The passage of past time is perceived by some depressed patients as accelerated.

R.Kh. Gazin, I.F. Mekhanikova (1958) distinguish different variants of derealization: “with the impression of the unreality of the external world”, “with the impression of the alienness of the surrounding” and “with the impression of change in the surrounding”. This shows that it can be difficult, sometimes impossible, and sometimes even pointless to distinguish between derealization and some other deletions of acts of self-perception. Patients’ sense of unreality of the environment and themselves, as their self-reports show, may be secondary, that is, associated with other disorders, such as sensory hypoesthesia, loss of clarity of awareness of one’s consciousness, loss of a sense of emotional resonance, etc. The development of derealization, however , definitely proves the fundamental fact that man has a developed sense of reality. When this feeling is present, the individual confidently and affirmatively answers two questions regarding everyday life:

“Is what is happening now real?” and “Is what happened before real?” Complex and somewhat similar relationships with reality develop in patients with other disorders. This is especially true for psychasthenics, autistic patients and patients in the acute period of reaction to stress. Psychasthenics, point out P. Zhanet and P.B. Gannushkin, are characterized not by the loss of the very sense of reality as such, but by a feeling of helplessness associated with ignorance of the practical aspects of life and the resulting inability to make decisions in a specific life situation.

Autistic patients are characterized by an inability to differentiate between the real and the unreal (i.e., imaginary, desired and possible) in the most immediate way, which is why they easily move from the real to the imaginary world and back again. For them, both what happens in reality and what plays out in their imagination can be equally real. As for patients acutely experiencing a stressful situation, some of them experience Beltz’s emotional paralysis (1901) or “acute depersonalization” in the form of an inability to accept an actual traumatic event, which makes it seem unreal and did not actually happen.

This reaction of denial (Kekelidze, 1992) is perhaps protective, helping to fully understand what happened later, when the individual finds the strength to come to terms with it. We note, however, that feelings of alienation, change, unnaturalness, and artificiality of what is perceived at the moment with a high degree of probability may indicate developing symptoms of depersonalization.

According to A.V. Snezhnevsky, derealization is the final chord, the epilogue of the process of violation of self-perception. The author describes six gradations of severity of the depersonalization-derealization syndrome, pointing out that depersonalization is a disorder that covers all manifestations of a disorder of self-awareness. The mentioned gradations and, therefore, stages of development of the disorder , according to A.V. Snezhnevsky, are as follows:

• At first, there is a feeling of internal change. The patient feels that his thoughts, feelings, ideas “seem to have changed”, become different from the previous ones, the Self has also changed, the patient perceives himself as a “different person”.
• Next, the patient feels that all his feelings have been lost, he no longer has the experience of joy or grief, there is no longer pain, appetite, or the feeling of sleep.
• As the disorder intensifies, self-consciousness is lost - this is a feeling of loss of consciousness of one's Self.
• At the next stage of development of the disorder, the phenomena of alienation predominate, that is, various manifestations of one’s own self are perceived by the patient as strangers, not belonging to him.
• At this stage, the phenomena of splitting the Self dominate; one’s own and formerly single, integral Self becomes “double” in the patient’s eyes, when one Self thinks, acts and perceives one way, and the other another.
• And finally, derealization itself develops, when everything around loses the meaning of reality in the patient’s eyes, a loss of consciousness of the reality of the surrounding world occurs, and this is often accompanied by a loss of the reality of one’s self-awareness.

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Why is it developing?

It is believed that specific signs appear more often in young women who have crossed the thirty-year barrier. Cases of diagnosing this pathology in adolescence have become more frequent.

The reasons why depersonalization occurs are quite varied.

This disorder is almost always associated with repetitive stressful situations. The human psyche begins to resist, his attention switches to the view “from the outside.” This helps reduce emotional stress.

The patient does not lose the ability to reason logically. Sensory perception of the world becomes dull, a person begins to reflect.

Main provoking factors

Derealization and depersonalization appear against the background of:

1. Disorders of the pituitary gland.
2. Epilepsy.
3. Schizophrenia.
4. Presence of a tumor in the brain.
5. Alcohol abuse.
6. The use of drugs that influence the psyche.
7. Impaired functioning of the adrenal glands.

Depersonalization is often diagnosed in neurosis. Specific symptoms occur in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Predisposing factors

Symptoms of derealization and depersonalization occur due to:

1. Neurological diseases.
2. Vegetative vascular dystonia.
3. Frequent fainting.
4. Regular increase in blood pressure.

Depersonalization-derealization syndrome - symptoms and treatment

Derealization-depersonalization syndrome is a mental disorder in which a person feels as if their body, environment, and mental functioning have changed so much that they seem unreal, distant, or automatic [3]. In the International Classification of Diseases, the disorder is coded F48.1.

Derealization-depersonalization syndrome is a dissociative disorder. Such disorders are characterized by a violation of the integrated functions of consciousness: emotions, perception, thinking, memory, control of movements. This leads to the fact that the unity of the sense of one’s own “I” is disrupted and fragmented. People experiencing depersonalization feel alienated, separate, or disconnected from their own existence [8].

While depersonalization involves a detachment from oneself, people with derealization feel disconnected from their surroundings, as if the world around them is foggy, dreamlike, or visually distorted (which is not the same as hallucinations). People with derealization typically describe feeling as if time is “passing” them by and they are not in the “here and now.” These experiences can cause intense feelings of anxiety and doom [8].

Episodes of depersonalization and derealization can last for hours, days, weeks, or even months. In some people, symptoms become chronic, with periods of increasing or decreasing intensity [9].

In its isolated form, derealization-depersonalization syndrome is rare. The most commonly diagnosed disorders include depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Much less often - in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. People with personality disorders such as schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder also have a high risk of developing derealization-depersonalization syndrome [2][6].

According to epidemiological studies, the prevalence of derealization-depersonalization syndrome ranges from 0.8% to 1.9% [4]. Symptoms of this disorder occur episodically in one third of people during fatigue, sensory deprivation, substance use, or when falling asleep and waking up.

The development of derealization-depersonalization syndrome usually occurs during adolescence, although some patients report having depersonalization since early childhood [4][10].

The derealization-depersonalization syndrome is closely related to the strongest, extreme, unbearable anxiety for the psyche and is essentially a protective reaction of the psyche to it [2]. The syndrome is largely associated with interpersonal trauma, such as childhood abuse.

Research suggests that the syndrome causes excessive activation of brain centers involved in emotional processes and the response to stress [7][8][11].

How it manifests itself

The presence of a violation of adequate physical perception of the surrounding reality is indicated by the following signs:

• dulling of pain;
• decreased perception of cold and heat;
• lack of taste sensations.

Sounds seem unclear to a person. Telling the doctor about his feelings, he says that he feels as if he is “underwater.” Objects do not have clear boundaries and look blurry. The colors fade and turn gray. Against this background, color blindness sometimes develops.

Symptoms of VSD

Depersonalization with VSD manifests itself:

• lack of oxygen;
• increased temperature;
• depressed mood;
• frequent dizziness;
• migraines.

Dystonia is combined with chronic fatigue and weakness. A person may complain of mild pain in the lower extremities. Many patients become weather dependent.

Difference from mental pathologies

It is not difficult to understand that a person does not suffer from severe mental disorders, but is only in dereal.

The attacks are not accompanied by hallucinations. To one degree or another, a person can control his behavior. The world around him seems unreal to the patient, but he defines it correctly. He realizes that something is wrong with him. A mentally ill person does not understand this.

Derealization and depersonalization

Derealization in VSD is subjective changes in the human body’s perception of reality. It affects the sensations of sound, color, light, volume, time, size. It can manifest itself either as a decrease or an increase in the level of perception.

Patients with VSD often describe their condition as a combination of symptoms: suffocation, slight dizziness, as in the case of intoxication, shortness of breath, lack of coordination of movements, lack of air, weakness, unsteadiness, possible fainting, as if “cotton” arms and legs. The head becomes heavy, there is noise in the ears, the eyes feel as if they are about to burst, and in some cases the ears become blocked. The body seems light, everything that happens around is unreal, the ground disappears from under your feet, and a feeling of fear arises. Or all sounds, colors, colors become significantly brighter than usual, which is similar to the perception of a drug addict under the influence of drugs. Sound distortions are manifested by a feeling of deafness. There may be a disturbance in the sense of the passage of time. Such feelings of unreality are manifestations of derealization.

If treatment for derealization in vegetative-vascular dystonia is not carried out, it may progress to a further stage, which is called depersonalization.

Depersonalization is a condition that accompanies a change or loss of the sense of self. Depersonalization causes the patient with VSD to feel that everything that happens in his life is happening to someone else, as if watching a movie.

Depersonalization, if it lasts for a long time, quite often leads to suicide. In most cases, depersonalization is accompanied by derealization.

As a rule, depersonalization manifests itself as a feeling of disappearance of feelings, personality traits, and the perception of nature on an emotional level disappears. Depersonalization causes a dull perception of color, everything around seems flat, dead, and the concept of mood disappears. It seems to a person that he has no thoughts in his head, his memory disappears, he stops perceiving works of art and music - all this provokes depersonalization.

It is important to note that in a patient with VSD, in the presence of these syndromes, self-control is always preserved, therefore derealization and depersonalization are not signs of mental illness in vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Clarifying the diagnosis

The doctor begins to treat depersonalization only after establishing an accurate diagnosis. The diazepam Nuller test helps differentiate between this disorder, depression and anxiety.

For this, the patient is given 20 to 30 mg. Diazepam solution. The doctor expects 3 reactions:

• anxious;
• depressed;
• depersonalization.

With an alarming reaction, affective symptoms quickly disappear. They give way to euphoria. With a depressive reaction, the symptoms do not change. The patient quickly falls asleep. With a depersonalization reaction, a positive effect occurs for 20 minutes. Pathology can be reduced completely or partially.

How you can help

Treatment for depersonalization depends on the severity of symptoms. If the signs have not been present for long, the patient is referred for psychoanalysis. Additional therapeutic methods include:

1. Use of antidepressants.
2. Passage of massage procedures.
3. Acupuncture.
4. Undergoing physiotherapeutic procedures.

Treatment in hospital

If depersonalization only worsens, then treatment is carried out in a hospital. The complex of therapeutic measures comes down to the destruction of the sources of fear that provokes the “disconnection” of the individual.

In especially severe cases, the patient is prescribed the use of potent sedatives, antipsychotics, tranquilizers and neurotropic medications.

Psychological help

The patient will be told how to get rid of depersonalization during psychotherapy sessions. If he has no history of other pathologies, treatment is aimed specifically at this disorder.

The lesson begins with an explanation of the nature of the pathology. The specialist also talks about ways to combat it. The prescribed psychological techniques consist of switching the patient’s attention from his experiences to the world around him.

The doctor undertakes to teach the patient ways of harmonious interaction with the surrounding reality. The most effective therapeutic methods include:

• motivating technique of suggestion;
• auto-training;
• hypnosis.

This reduces the intensity of symptoms. Upon completion of the course of psychotherapeutic treatment, the disorders are eliminated and the patient’s condition is stabilized.

Drug therapy

Drug therapy helps to get rid of the symptoms of the pathology. The patient is prescribed medications such as:

1. Quetiapine.
2. Amitriptyline.
3. Clopyramine.
4. Sonapax.

These medications are taken simultaneously with vitamin C. If the disorder is combined with depression, the use of nootropics with an antioxidant effect is prescribed. The best medicines are Cytoflamin and Cavinton.

In order to normalize the functioning of the opioid function of the brain, the use of Naloxone and Naltrexone is prescribed. To relieve anxiety and panic, it is recommended to take Seroquelem and Anafranil. Impaired functioning of the adrenal glands can be eliminated with the help of Decorten.

The use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors is also prescribed.

Self-help methods

Everyone should know how to get rid of an attack of depersonalization on their own. This can help quickly relieve symptoms at home, without the use of medications.

You need to relax as much as possible, try to breathe more evenly and calmly. Then you need to concentrate on the thought that this is a temporary state. It is successfully treated and the symptoms will soon disappear.

The patient's attention should be concentrated on some phenomenon or object. It is not necessary to look at every detail. Then you need to try to concentrate your attention on neutral thoughts.